Bataisk

According to research conducted Fayfert A.V. (SFU) found traces of human presence in the vicinity of Bataisk in the Neolithic era (Koysugsky graveyard, the settlement of Batai 1).During the XVIII century land near the current Bataisk several times passed from Russia to Turkey and back, finally becoming part of the Russian Empire on the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774, after which the territory was won Azov Province was formed. However, the settlement of these lands began earlier: in 1769 Bolshevik peasants crossed the Don and settled on the banks of the river Koysug, founding the Batayskaya Sloboda. Around the same time downstream settled Cossacks, founding Koysugskaya Sloboda.

According to another version, the first inhabitants, according to the stories of old residents, were the Safonovs, Zhikrivetsky (Alinovs street) and Grebennikovs-Lomovs (Alians street), who were exiled to the Don under Catherine II. They settled along the river bank on an elevated site. They dug large pits, laid the above-ground part out of adobe, which was made of clay, and covered with reeds. After receiving allotments for homesteads (about one hectare per family), they built houses out of logs and planks. Materials were collected from the river and flood meadows during floods, and abandoned barges and longboats were dismantled. They were used to make the frame of the house, covered with reeds and covered with clay. After that they were upholstered with carved planks. Courtyards were initially surrounded by a two-meter high fence made of reeds and wood to protect domestic animals from wild beasts. The Zhykrivetskys still live in the old place on Kalinina Street (formerly Jordanskaya Street). They used to keep boats and barges in a convenient place on the river, where now Rybnaya Street is, and used them to transport to Rostov and Azov skins of wild and domestic animals, milk, vegetables, fish, which was very highly valued. Another source of income for the first settlers were the flooded meadow pastures and fertile land, untouched by plow or tiller before the appearance of the village. Every year the herd of cows grew, and Batay milk was sold in Rostov and Azov.

In 1782 a general national census was taken in Russia. According to its data, 324 permanent settled male souls were enumerated in the urban military single-dwelling settlement of Batayskaya and 307 souls of the female sex. By comparison, they could be housed in two five-story buildings. In 1783, according to the State Archive of Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky, in the village of Batayskoye there were 102 households, 780 inhabitants, under the village - 29 tithes Land, ploughland - 4143 dessiatinas, hay meadows - 18113 dessiatinas, uncomfortable places - 1389 dessiatinas. There are no forests, trees or shrubs. In the village was a wooden church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin. The church, according to V. Sknarev, was located at the end of Mikhailovskaya Street (now Lunacharskogo), but there could be a mistake: later there was Mikhailovskaya Church at this place.

The late 18th and early 19th centuries were a period of rapid settlement and economic development of the North Caucasus. By the middle of the 19th century, Bataisk was already a large and rapidly growing village. Historians claim that during these decades the village of Batayskoye surpassed many district towns of central Russia in terms of population.

In 1801, it was one street, later called Naberezhnaya (now Polovinko), built up between the current Kalinin and Kuybyshev streets. In the center of the village, where now are lanes Korotkiy and Maly, was Sloboda center. On it by 1810 built a wooden church in the name of the Archistratigus Michael, as well as the building of the village government, the jail, the prison, and later, the village school of applied sciences.. Bataysk expanded southward, mostly along Mostovoy (Kuybyshev) Alley. There appeared streets Zerkovskaya (Leningradskaya), Mikhailovskaya (Lunacharskogo), lane Jordansky, colloquially Ardansky (Kalinina).

The first from the river was Naberezhnaya (Polovinko) Street. Leningradskaya street was called Atamanskaya. On the corner of today's Leningradskaya and Moskovskaya Streets lived a cattle dealer named Galkin, who bought up to 400 head of cattle a year in the Salsky Steppes, reared them on flooded, succulent meadows, and sold them in Rostov. Kuybyshev Street was called Mostovaya, it was the main street of Bataisk. On Mostovaya to Rostov from the south went caravans of wagons, drove cattle across several wooden bridges in the floodplain. It was one of the first in the village lined with rubble stone, starting from Konnaya (now M. Gorky). A large part of it was occupied by a deep ravineThe street was called Mira Street, which was partly preserved until the construction of the road junction in the XX century. The street was called Kolodeznaya. There were two or three public wells with fresh drinking water from Konnaya Street (M. Gorky Street) to the river. Engels street was called Blacksmith street. Here were private forges where you could shoe a horse, make an iron rim for a wheel, a cart axle, and other blacksmiths.  For example, household utensils and agricultural tools could be forged there: pokers, grubbers, hoes, sickles, scythes, etc.. The street of 50 years of October was called Azovskaya, from here was one of the roads to Azov. Here lived well-to-do residents of Batay, there was an administrative building (now a church), there were shops of merchants. Frunze Street was called Soldier's Street, as columns of soldiers often walked along it from Azov to Novocherkassk through a crossing opposite the present locomotive depot. Sadovaya was named after the Popov garden, which was in the area of the railroad, and this garden, according to old residents, started gardening for many Bataychans. Zavodskaya was named because of the brick factory, which in the old days was located near the railroad, as bricks were supplied to the station buildings. The last street in the village was Konnaya (now M. Gorky), named for the frequent movement of carts and carriages to and from Azov. Rechnaya street appeared (according to Sknarev, by the end of the XVIII century) on the site where a small rivulet.

The village had 830 households, or, as they were then called, estates. There were 2,835 men and 2,870 women in the village. There was a brickyard, an oil mill, 53 windmills. There was a pier near Mostovaya, from where barges sailed to the Don. They transported live cattle, foodstuffs, wool and other goods. Somewhere on the bank of the Koysug River there was Dmitry Zmeev's factory, where freedmen made stockings and gloves.

In 1856 Bataisk was the center of the parish of the same name, which included the settlement Koysug, hamlets Kuleshovka, Vysochino, Kochevanchik, Samarsky, villages Novo-Nikolayevka, Novo-Bataisk. In the statistical information on the economic condition of the Bataysky parish society in 1885 it was stated that according to the estimate it was allocated, for example, 6161 rubles for worldly expenses, for the maintenance of the parish post and fire horses - 1300 rubles.

The construction of the Vladikavkaz railroad was a powerful impetus in the development of the village of Batayskoye. July 14, 1875 was opened station Bataisk Vladikavkaz railroad.

In 1887, Rostov County, which included Bataisk, was transferred from Yekaterinoslav Province to the Region of the Don Army.

In 1904 in the village of Batayskoe lived 17,616 people, there were 11 streets, 2,576 houses, two churches and four elementary schools.

In 1924, the Bataysky district was formed with its center in the village of Bataysky.

In 1925, electrification began, which gave more opportunities for the development of industry, in the same year the village was transformed into a workers' village..

In 1930, it was decided to build an airfield on the eastern outskirts of Bataisk, around which subsequently appeared Aviagorodok, which is now one of the residential neighborhoods of the city. Opened aircraft repair plant and Aviation School GVF opened in 1931, since 1938 was named after A.K. Serov. From the school's walls came 103 Heroes of the Soviet Union, including five Heroes twice. Among the graduates of the school are the famous Alexei Maresiev, later Soviet cosmonauts, twice Heroes of the Soviet Union Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov, Evgeny Vasilievich Khrunov and Viktor Vasilievich Gorbatko.The famous test pilot Alexander Bezhevets.

In the period from March 1929 to January 1935 workers village Bataisk (population 36.9 thousand people) was under the administrative jurisdiction of the Rostov-on-Don city council.

On January 12, 1935, the first issue of the district newspaper "Vpered" came out. In the same year the village opened its own bakery.

On October 26, 1938, the workers' settlement of Bataisk, Bataisk district, was reclassified as a city, retaining its former name.

On February 26, 1939 the Bataysky district of Rostov Oblast was liquidated. The village councils of the liquidated district were subordinated to: Koysugsky to the Bataysky City Council and Kuleshovsky to the Azovsky District Executive Committee of the Rostov Region.

In 1940, the network of industrial enterprises in the city of Bataisk increased to 11. The enterprises employed 7 thousand people. Food industry dominated, producing mainly confectionery products. Most of the city's residents worked at the enterprises of rail transport (at the station, depot and other organizations).

In 1941, there were already 13 industrial enterprises in Bataisk.

During the Great Patriotic War in November 1941 the city was in serious danger of being occupied when the Germans managed to take Rostov during the offensive. Bombing of Bataysk intensified, attempts to counter them with U-2 planes and anti-aircraft guns were unsuccessful.. However, as early as November 28-29, the Red Army launched a counteroffensive, liberating Rostov and pushing the Germans back to Taganrog.

During the attack on the Caucasus, which began on July 27, 1942 Bataisk was taken almost without a fight by the German troops. Data from city archives show that during the occupation, the Nazis killed 595 residents of the city, including children. About a hundred boys and girls were taken away to Germany. In the battles for the liberation of Bataisk were killed 217 people. Industrial enterprises, all buildings and tracks of the railway junction, power grids, telephone and telegraph lines were blown up and destroyed. Of the 6,886 private houses in the city built in the pre-war period, they were burned down and 2,745 destroyed. Of 121 homes. The housing stock has been razed to the ground 75 homes, destroyed 35 thousand trees. After a 196-day occupation, it was liberated on February 7, 1943 by the Southern Front during the Rostov operation.

By 1943, the total damage from the destruction was 41.7 million rubles. A total of 3,688 Bataychans died during the Great Patriotic War.

In the postwar years, it continued to grow, and in 1959 the village of Koysug was included in the city limitsThis allowed Bataisk to enter the category of medium-sized cities, as the population increased by almost a third.

Industrial enterprises, transport infrastructure, hospitals, clinics and clubs were restored and built by Bataysk residents already during the first post-war five-year plan. By the sixties the volume of gross output in Bataisk had increased thirtyfold compared to 1940.

In 1964, a technical revolution took place at the railway junction - the first electric locomotives went into service. A new enterprise appeared at the Bataysky railway junction - the contact network distance.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the city was successfully improved. The Komsomolsk town and the Gaidar neighborhood were built. Lenin Square was re-equipped, the Gagarin Palace of Culture and the City House of Culture were built, and other facilities.

In 1987, began construction of multi-story apartment buildings of the new neighborhood "Northern".

In 1997, the city of Bataisk received the status of the municipality "City of Bataisk". The City Duma of Bataisk and the Administration of Bataisk, which is headed by the Mayor of Bataisk, were established as local government bodies.

In 2005, Bataisk became a municipality with the status of the City of Bataisk Urban District..

In 2008, approved the general plan of the urban district "City of Bataisk", as well as the rules of land use and development of the city of Bataisk.

Currently, the city is divided into several neighborhoods, the main ones being North, South, East and West (Koysug).